Category: Finance & Banking

PSD2 created the legal basis for open banking but left significant gaps in standardisation and enforcement. PSD3 and the accompanying Payment Services Regulation aim to close those gaps, extend open banking to broader financial data, and create a more competitive payments market. This post examines what is changing and why it matters.

International payments compliance has become one of the most operationally demanding areas of financial regulation. This post examines how EU, US, and UN sanctions interact in cross-border payment flows, the legal exposure for European banks, and the compliance infrastructure the industry has built in response.

The Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation is now in force across the EU, creating the world’s first comprehensive licensing and disclosure regime for crypto-asset issuers and service providers. This post examines what MiCA requires, who it covers, and what it means for the sector’s legal infrastructure.